一、高中英语所有基本句型
英语基本句型
一英语基本句型-1主系表结构/S(主）+ V（谓）（lv)(系动词）+ P（表）
本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:
1.表示特征和存在状态的：be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;
2.表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;
3.表示状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
如：Our English teacher is thirty years old.
The cake tastes delicious.
We feel used to living in big cities.
The potatoes went bad in the fields.
Their boss seems satisfied with the work.
Deep water stays still.
巩固练习1：
1．冬季白天短，夜晚长
2．十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。
3．孩子们很少保持安静。
4．她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。
5．他失业了。
二英语基本句型-2主谓结构/S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（谓）
本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成,常用来表示主语的动作。
如：The sun rises. Tom has already left.
主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如：1. The red sun rises in the east.
2. So they had to travel by air or boat.
3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.
4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.
5. He came back when we were eating.
6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.
巩固练习2：
1．她昨天回家很晚。
2．会议将持续两个小时。
3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大
4．1919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。
5．每天八时开始上课。
三英语基本句型-3主谓宾结构/S(主）+ Vt（及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。
如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall.
2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.
3. They haven’t decided where to go next.
4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.
5. It took them ten years to build the dam.
7. Mother promises to give me a present.
巩固练习3：
1．昨晚我写了一封信。
2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。
3．这本书他读过多次了。
4．他们成功地完成了计划。
5．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
四英语基本句型4双宾语结构/S(主)+VT（谓）+ InO（间接宾）+ DO（直接宾）
说明：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。
如：He brings me cookies every day.
但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。
如：He brings cookies to me every day.
She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。
用for侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。
常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；
（需借助for的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。
巩固练习4：
1．Johnson先生去年教我们德语。
2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
3．请把那本字典递给我好吗？
4．他把车票给列车员看。
5．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？
五英语基本句型5复合宾语结构/S(主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补）
说明:此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。
如：The sun keeps us warm.
I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut.
They made Tom monitor.
He used to do his homework with his radio on.
用 it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。
如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.
巩固练习5：
1．我们叫她Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。
3．他们把小偷释放了。
4．我要你把真相告诉我。
5.卫兵命令我们立即离开。
六英语基本句型6 There be句型
说明：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be之后，there仅为引导词，并无实际语意。
此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。
如：There stands a hill in the middle of the park.
Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.
Be与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：
现在有 there is/are…
过去有 there was/were…
将来有 there will be…；there is/are going to be...
现在已经有 there has/have been…
可能有 there might be...
肯定有 there must be…/there must have been...
过去曾经有 there used to be…
似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be…
碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be…
巩固练习6：
1．这个村子过去只有一口井。
2．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。
3．天气预报说下午有大风。
4．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。
5．战前这儿一直有家电影院的.
课文句子翻译练习：
1.他们正在面对面地交谈。(face)
_______________________________________________________________.
2.根据约翰说的,下周将有一次会议。(according)
________________________________________________________________.
3.他早起为了赶头班车。(in order to)
________________________________________________________________.
4.你和你的同学相处得怎么样?(get along with)
_______________________________________________________________.
5.我们对他的安全都很关切。(concern)
_______________________________________________________________.
6.你是否需要一个你可以无话不谈的朋友?
____________________________________________________________________.
7.你近况如何?
_____________________________________________________________________.
8.我们成为好朋友已十年了。
_____________________________________________________________________.
9.我还没来得及回答他的第一个问题,他又问了一个问题。
_____________________________________________________________________.
10.我像大部分人那样记日记。
____________________________________________________________________.
英语基本句型练习答案
巩固练习答案1：1．In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
2．At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.
3．Children seldom keep quiet.
4．Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.
5．He is out of work.
巩固练习答案2：1. She went home very late yesterday evening.
2. The meeting will last two hours.
3. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
4. The May Fourth Movement broke out
in Beijing in 1919.
5. Classes begin at eight every day.
巩固练习答案3：1. I wrote a letter last night.
2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3. He has read this book many times.
4. They have carried out the plan successfully.
5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.
巩固练习答案4：1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3.Would you please pass me the dictionary?
4.He showed the ticket to the conductor.
5.Shall I call you a taxi?
巩固练习答案5：
1.We call her Alice.
2.All of us considered him honest.
3.They have set the thief free.
4.I want you to tell me the truth.
5.The guards ordered us to leave at once.
巩固练习答案6：1.There was only a well in the village.
2.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
3.The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.
4.The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
5.There used to be a cinema here before the war.
课文句子翻译练习答案：1. They are talking face to face./ They are having a face-to face talk.
2. According to John, there is going to be a meeting next week.
3. He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
4. How are you getting along with your classmates?
5. We are all concerned about his safety.
6. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to?
7. How are you getting along/ on recently?
8. We have been good friends for ten years.
9. He asked a second question before I could answer the first one.
10. I keep a diary as most people do.
二、英语五种基本句型
如下：
1、主语＋系动词＋表语，该句型简称为主系表结构：
系动词包括be动词，表示感官的系动词，表示持续的系动词，表示表像系动词，表示变化的系动词，表示终止的系动词。
①be动词（is, am, are）。
Tom is student.
②表示感官的系动词（smell, taste, look, feel等）。
The medicine tastes bitter.
③表示持续的系动词（keep, remain, stay, stand等）。
He remained a teacher.
④表示表像系动词（look, seem, appear等）。
He seemed very sleepy.
⑤表示变化的系动词（go, turn, become, grow, get, fall等）。
The food went bad.
⑥表示终止的系动词（turn out, prove)。
The method turned out effective.
2、主语＋谓语：
该句型简称为主谓结构，谓语为不及物动词（英文缩写为vi）或部分动副结构的短语动词。这与汉语的主谓结构语序一致。
Birds can fly.鸟会飞。
The students rushed out.
3、主语＋谓语＋宾语：
该句型简称为主谓宾结构，谓语为及物动词（英文缩写为vt）或不及物动词＋介词的动词短语。这与汉语的主谓宾结构语序一致。
I enjoy sports.我喜欢运动。
He has arrived at school.
4、主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语：
该句型简称为主谓宾宾结构，间接宾语一般是人，直接宾语一般是物，可借助介词to或for交换两个宾语的位置，直接宾语和间接宾语统称为双宾语。
能够跟双宾语的常用动词有很多，例如bring sb sth(bring sth to sb); pass sb sth(pass sth to sb); show sb sth(show sth to sb); offer sb sth(offer sth to sb); teach sb sth(teach sth to sb); buy sb sth(buy sth for sb); choose sb sth(choose sth for sb);
He bought his daughter a book.
He bought a book for his daughter.
5、主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语：
该句型简称为主谓宾宾补结构，宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。能够跟复合宾语的常用动词有很多，多是表感官和使役的动词，多种形式可以做宾语补足语：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介词短语，名词等。
例如其中有些动词可跟省略to的不定式作宾补：有个顺口溜大体可以归纳这些动词：一感（feel），二听（hear，listen to），三让（have，make，let），五看（see, watch, notice, observe, look at），半帮助（help可省略to,也可不省略to）。
有些动词可以同时跟现在分词和过去分词作宾补，例如感官动词（see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel等），have，get，find，leave等，所表达的含义不同，宾补与宾语的关系不同。
有些动词可以同时跟不定式，现在分词和过去分词作宾补，例如感官动词（see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel等），所表达的含义不同，宾补与宾语的关系不同。
We heard him sing a song.我们听见他唱了一首歌。（sing与him之间是主动关系，表动作完成）
We heard him singing a song.我们听见他正在唱歌。（sing与him之间是主动关系，表动作正在进行）
We heard a song sung by him.我们听到他唱了一首歌。（sing与song之间是被动关系，表动作完成）
有些动词可以跟不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，名词，介词短语等作宾补。例如leave，find等。
He found the book(to be) difficult.
He found the girl lying on the ground.
三、teach的句型用法总结
teach的句型用法总结：
teach sb to do sth的基本用法“教某人做某事”；teach sb to do sth有时可用于引申义，表示惩罚某人以使其不再敢做某事。这样用扩展资料
teach的意思：
vt.教；教导，训练；教授；
vi.教书；
teach的用法：
teach后面一般接的形式如下：
teach sb. to do sth.教某人做某事
teach sb. sth.教某人某事
teach oneself自学
我们重点讲解teach sb. to do sth的用法：
一、teach sb to do sth的基本用法“教某人做某事”，如：
He promised to teach her to water-ski.他答应教她滑水。
You can teach some parrots to talk.可以教某些鹦鹉说话。
We should teach the children to know good from bad.
我们应教育儿童分辨是非。
Parents ought to teach their children to behave themselves.
父母应教导子女举止得体。
He taught me to obey all commands without asking questions.
他教我毫无疑义地服从命令。
二、teach sb to do sth的引申用法：
teach sb to do sth有时可用于引申义，表示惩罚某人以使其不再敢做某事。这样用时主要用于以下几个句式：
1. I’ll teach sb(not) to do sth
可根据情况译为：如果……我要让你有得瞧；你若……我就要教训你；如果你……我就要对你不客气。如：
I’ll teach you to call me a liar!你说我说谎，我就要教训你!
I’ll teach you to call him names!如果你辱骂他，我就要对你不客气了。
I’ll teach you to get smart with me.你胆敢对我出口不逊，我要好好教训你。
Where’s Jimmy? I’ll teach him to disobey me.
吉米在哪？他胆敢不听我的话，我要好好教训教训他。
2. That’ll teach sb(not) to do sth
通常可译为：这就是给……做某事的教训；看……还（敢不敢）做不做某事。如：
That’ll teach you to be late!这就是迟到给你的教训！
So Roger spent the night in a freezing garage, did he? That’ll teach him to go out without his house keys!罗杰在冷冰冰的车库里过了一晚是吗？那就是他不带房门钥匙出去的教训。
So you lost all your money? That’ll teach you to gamble.这么说，你把钱都输光了?这就是赌博给你的教训。
He’s left her, has he? Ha! That’ll teach her to go chasing other women’s husbands!他把她给甩了，是吗？哈哈！这看她今后还追不追别人的丈夫！
There. That’ll teach you to get smart with me.怎么样，你胆敢对我出口不逊，现在尝到什么滋味了吧。
3. This’ll teach sb(not) to do sth
通常可译为：要让……尝尝做某事的后果；要给……以教训；要惩罚……做某事；好好教训……使其不敢做某事。如：
This will teach you not to shit on me.我要让你尝尝告发我的后果。
This’ll teach him to put a frog in my bed.他胆敢把青蛙放在我床上，我就要让叫他尝尝这样干的'后果。
说明：This’ll teach sb(not) to do sth与 That’ll teach you(not) to do sth的区别是，前者主通常在进行惩罚之前用，后者则通常在进行惩罚之后用。
另外，有时若语境明确，可省略其后的不定式，其翻译也可采用以上类似的表达。如：
So you were ill after eating those green apples, were you? That’ll teach you.这么说你是吃了那些生苹果才得病的，是吗？这就是给你的教训。