一、英语七种基本句型的异同是什么
英语七种基本句型的异同是:
1、主语———动词———表语
在这一句型中,动词是系动du词+表语。
例:Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)
2、主语———动词
在这一句型中,动词为不及物dao动词。
例:Did you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)
3、主语———动词———宾语
在此句型中,动词为及物动词。
例:Do you know these people(them)?(名词或代词作宾语)
4、主语———动词———宾语———宾语
在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物。
例:He handed me a letter. He handed a letter to me.
5、主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语
在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。
后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称作复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。
例:What do you advise me to do?(不定式做宾补)
扩展资料:
英语五种基本句型,句型的派生、扩展和英语句型的互换以及英语句型在日常生活中的实际应用。
在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。
现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。
五种基本句型,句型的派生、扩展和英语句型的互换以及英语句型在日常生活中的实际应用。适合大、中学生和成年英语学习者使用。
二、七年级下册英语新目标的第一单元的语法点
Ⅰ.教材回眸
◆知识要点回顾◆
1. Could you…?(你/你们……好吗?)句型多用来表示请求,这里的 could比 can语气更加委婉、客气和有礼貌,肯定回答多为:OK/ All right!/ Certainly!/ Of course.否定回答常是:Sorry, I/ we can’t.(不用couldn’t)。如:
—Could you lend me your dictionary?
—Of course.
2. one不仅可用作基数词表“一”之意,也能用作代词替代前面所提可数名词中的“一个”或代指“任何人”。例:
1) One and two is three.一加二等于三。
2) I don’t have pens. Please give one to me.我没有钢笔,请给我一支。
3) One must love one’s country.任何人都必须爱国。
3. You’re welcome.用来回答对方的感谢时,相当于That’s OK./ that’s all right./ Not at all.。如:
—Thank you very much.
— You’re welcome.
4. too这个副词作“太”讲时通常修饰形容词或副词(放在其前);作“也”讲时多位于句尾(其前用逗号隔开)。例:
1)Your bag is too big.你的包太大。
2)Your bag is big, too.你的包也大。
5.当名词前有定冠词、指示代词和物主代词修饰时,all习惯上放在这些限定词之前。例:all my books(我所有的书)。
6. the other通常表示两者(部分)中的“另外那个(些)”,而不带定冠词的 other多用来泛指“另一些”。试比较:
1) The twins are English. One is Lucy, the other is Lily.这对双胞胎是英国人,一个叫露西,另一个叫莉莉。
2) I have many friends. Some are teachers, others are police men.我有很多朋友,一些是教师,另一些是警察。
7. socks, shoes, trousers, glasses(眼镜)等表示两部分构成的整体东西的名词习惯上用复数形式,如果指“一双(副)”,应用a pair of短语修饰。例:
a pair of socks(一双短袜),a pair of glasses(一副眼镜)等。
A pair of shoes is under the bed.
8.当询问“某人(物)怎么啦?”时,句型常用 What’s wrong with…?这里的疑问词 what不可受汉语的影响误用 how。例:
—What’s wrong with your kite?你的风筝怎么啦?
—It’s broken.它坏了。
9. worry作及物动词用时其后习惯上只接人作宾语,意为“使……担心”;worry用作不及物动词其后能接人或物作宾语,但必须用介词 about,意为“担心……”。例:
1) These apples worry me.这些苹果使我担心。
2) Don’t worry about my lessons.别担心我的功课。
10. tea, milk, bread, water, meat, rice等物质名词均为不可数名词,此类名词无复数形式,其前不可用不定冠词、基数词、指示代词等直接修饰,若表示它们的数量,其前必须加“计量名词+ of”短语。例:a bottle of orange(一瓶桔汁),two cups of tea(两杯茶)。
但是常可以用:two cups of tea= two teas两杯茶
11. It’s time…句型后接名词或代词时要用 for(介词),后接动词必须用 to(不定式符号),这里的主语 it不可换用另的代词,且 time前习惯上不用冠词。例:
1) It’s time for class.该上课了。
2) It’s time to play games.是做游戏的时候了。
注意:It is time for sb to do该某人干……
12. something to eat(drink)意为“吃(喝)的东西”,to eat( drink)为不定式作后置定语修饰不定代词 something。例:
We have something to eat now.现在我们有东西吃。
Ⅱ.典题赏析
◆交际能力与测试指要◆
(1)根据所设情景选择最佳答案。如:
1.— ______?— It’s eight thirty.
A. How old is your sister B. What class are you in
C. What’s the time, please D. What number is your car
2.当你有事想问别人,应先说声:______.
A. Excuse me B. I’m sorry C. Hello D. OK
(2)根据对话情景,补全对话。如:
Kate: Hi, Jim.( 1)?
Jim: Fine, thank you. And you?
Kate: I’m fine, too.( 2)?
Jim: Very well, thanks
Kate:( 3)?
Jim: Class Four.
Kate:( 4)?
Jim: Room Five.
Kate: Oh, I see.
A. Which is here classroom B. How is your sister
C. How are you today D. What class is she in
解答“情景交际”题首先要清楚所设的情景是哪一类交际项目;其次要清楚在哪种情景下该说什么话,该如何表达自己的思想;还要清楚上下文情景的关系。
具体题还要具体对待。上面题型(1)中的第2小题,直接选A就行了。而第1小题就必须先辨别A、B、C、D四个选项各是什么意思,然后看答句的表达形式,才能依据交际常识判断是C。第(2)小题的一组对话设计了四个问句,这样的题则要根据上下文的内容和交际习惯,与对话一一对应。
选完后一定要默默读上两遍,细心体会一下语感,认真检查一下有无疏漏,最后确定。如果试题有图片,要善于利用图片上的信息,帮助答题,要善于从情景中悟出“天机”。
◆交际英语讲练◆
※问候( Greetings)�
1.“How are you?”“______”�
A. How do you do? B. How are you?�
C. I‘m fine, thank you. D. What do you do?
※介绍( Introductions)�
2.— Li Ping, ______.�
— Nice to meet you, Zhang Hong.�
A. that’s my friend, Zhang Hong B. this is Zhang Hong�
C. she is Zhang Hong D. I introduce Zhang Hong to you
3.“Nice to meet you.”“_______”�
A. Is that so? B. I‘ve got a cough.�
C. Yes, do please. D. Nice to meet you, goo.
※打电话( Making telephone calls)�
4.“Hello, 5847552.”“Hi! _____”�
A. Are you Linda? B. Who are you?�
C. I am David. D. Is that Linda speaking?
5.— This is John speaking. Who is that?�
— _____�
A. This is Bill. B. I am Bill.�
C. You are Bill. D. Where is bill?
6.— Could I speak to headmaster?�
— ______ please.�
A. Hold on for a moment B. Speak loudly�
C. He is at work D. What’s wrong?
7. A: Hello! Could I speak to Miss Grey, please?�
B: ______�
A. I‘m Miss Grey. B. Yes, you could.�
C. SPeaking. D. Who are you?
答案与简析:�
1. C。“How are you?”是熟人之间常用的客套招呼语,答语常用“Fine, thank you.”或“Very well, thank you.”表示问候的用语还有“Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. Hello/ Hi.”等,答语须重复原话。�
2. B。介绍某人,常用句型“This is...”。自我介绍则用“My name is...”或“I’m...”。� 3. D。“Nice to meet you.”一般在两人初次见面被互相介绍后使用,其答语为“Nice to meet you, too.”。“How do you do?”和“Glad to meet you.”也属于介绍用语。�
4. D。打电话时,欲问对方是谁,应说“Who is that( speaking)?”。�
5. A。打电话时,欲说“我是……”,应说“This is...”。�
6. A。接电话时,若想请对方别挂断或稍等,应说“Hold on( for a moment), please.”。�
7. C。接电话时,若你正是对方要找的人,可说“请讲”( Speaking.);若对方要找的人不在,可说“He/ She isn‘t here right now. Can I take a message for you?”。�
Ⅲ.语法透视
◆不可数名词用法举要◆
不可以用数目来计算的名词称为不可数名词。学习不可数名词时,应注意以下几点:
▲不可数名词没有复数形式。如:some meat, some bread,不可说 some meats, some breads。
▲不可数名词不能不定冠词 a, an及数词修饰,但可用 some, any, much(许多),a lot of(许多),a little(一点)等直接修饰。如:我们不可以说a tea, two milk,但可以说 some tea, much meat。
▲不可数名词前通常用量词来表示具体的数。如:a glass of water, two cups of tea, five pieces of bread。需要注意的是:类似短语中的介词 of不能省去,当数词大于“一”时,量词需要用复数形式。
▲不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
These is some water in the bottle.瓶里有些水。
Is there any rice in the bag?袋子里有米吗?
▲若不可数名词前有复数数量词修饰时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:
There are three bottles of orange on the table.桌上有三瓶桔汁。
试比较:There is some orange on the table.
▲对不可数名词前的修饰语提问,疑问词用 how much。例如:
They want two cups of tea.
→How much tea do they want?
There is some milk in the glass.
→How much milk is there is the glass?
▲对不可数名词前量词部分的修饰语提问题,疑问词用 how many。例如:
They want two cups of tea.→How many cups of tea do they want?
▲不可数名词表示特指时可用定冠词 the修饰。例如:
The bread on the table is Li Lei’s.桌上的面包是李磊的。
▲有些名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但意思却大不相同。如:glass作可数名词,意思是“玻璃杯”,作为不可数名词,意思是“玻璃”;room作可数名词,意思是“房间”,作不可数名词,意思是“空间”。
I have many friends bread meat milk fish(面包)(肉)(牛奶)(鱼)
Ⅳ.难词解码
◆ some与 any之区别◆
some和 any都有“一些”的意思,都可作形容词、代词,可修饰或代替可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词,但两者用法不同。
一、some一般用于肯定句中。例如:
I can see some flowers.我能直到一些花。
There is some milk in the glass.杯子里有一些牛奶。
二、any一般用于否定句和疑问句中。例如:
— Can you see any bread on the table?你看到桌子上有面包吗?
—Yes, I can see some.是的,我看到一些。
—Can you see any girls in the picture?你能看到图画上的女孩吗?
—No, I can’t see any.不,我一个也看不到。
三、some可用于表示请求、邀请、希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中。例如:
— Can you give me some bread?你能给我一些面包吗?
— Certainly. Here you are.当然可以,给你。
Would you like some bread?你想要些面包吗?
同学们,请看,Polly给我们编出了一句顺口溜:
some用于肯定句,疑问句、否定用 any,请求、邀请与期待,仍用 some代 any。
◆ do you like与 would you like◆
Do you like…?意为“你喜欢……吗?”“你爱……吗?”等,是提问者问对方习惯上喜爱什么,并不指目前一时爱好。其后常跟或 doing结构作宾语。例:
Do you like meat?你喜欢吃肉吗?
Do you like playing basketball?你喜欢打篮球吗?
其肯定回答为 Yes, I do.;否定回答为 No. I don’t.。
Would you like…?意为“你想要……吗?”“你愿意……吗?”,指说话人委婉地向对方提出请求或建议,是指目前的情况,其后常跟名词或 to do结构作宾语。例:
Would you like some apples?你卢吃一些苹果吗?
Would you like to have a cup of tea?你想喝杯茶吗?
其肯定回答是 Yes, please.或 Yes, I’d like/ love to.;否定回答是 No, thanks./ thank you.或 Yes, I’d like to, but…等。例:
A: Would you like a bottle of orange?
B: Yes, please./ No, thanks.
would like还可缩写为’d like。例:
I’d like to have a cup of tea.
Ⅴ.幽默趣赏
◆ Tom’s Answer◆
Tom: Dad, black hens are more clever than white hens, aren‘t they?
Dad: How do you know it, Tom?
Tom: Well, black hens can lay white eggs, but white hens can’t lay black eggs.
汤姆的回答
汤姆:爸爸,黑母鸡比白母鸡聪明,不是吗?
爸爸:你是怎么知道的,汤姆?
汤姆:喏,黑母鸡能下白色的蛋,而白母鸡不能下黑色的蛋。
◆ The Red Ink◆
Bob: Mum, I‘m making a picture of my father. Where is the red ink?
Mum: What do you want to do with the red ink?
Bob: I’ll colour his nose red.
红墨水
鲍勃:妈妈,我正在画一张爸爸的像,红墨水在哪里?
妈妈:你用红墨水干什么?
鲍勃:我要把他的鼻子着成红色。
◆ A dishonest cat◆
一只不诚实的猫
1. There lives a cat in the country. It likes telling lies, so that it glosses over its mistakes.
在乡下,有一只猫,它喜欢说谎,以便掩盖自己的过失。
2. When it catches a rat, the rat gets away. It says,“ You are too thin. I won’t catch you until you become fat.”
它捉老鼠时,老鼠逃跑了。它说:“你太瘦了,等你肥了我再捉你。”
3. It climbs up a tree to catch birds, the birds flies away, and it falls off the tree. It says
三、七年级下册英语第七单元重点句型,急!急!
Unit 7 What dose he look like?
一、词组
look like看起来像....
curly/short/straight/long hair卷/短/直发
medium height/build中等高度/身体
a little bit一点儿…
a pop singer一位流行歌手
play的用法。
wear glasses戴眼镜
have a new look呈现新面貌
go shopping去购物
the captain of the basketball team篮球队队长
Nobody knows me没有人认识我
二、句型
1)--What does he look like?
--He’s really short.He has short hair.
2)--She has beautiful,long black hair.
3)--I don’t think he’s so great.
4)--What do you look like? I’m tall.I’m thin.
5)--What do they look like?-
--They are medium height.
6)--She never stops talking.
--Stop doing(sth)表示停止正在干的事.
如:He stop listening
--stop to do(sth)表示停下来去做某事
如:He stops to listen.
7)I can go shopping and nobody knows me
Unit 7 What does he look like?
Words
1. hair un.头发,(动物的)毛发
1)那个留长长黑发的女孩是谁?
Who is the girl with long black hair?
=Who is the girl wearing long black hair?
2)她喜欢留卷发吗?
Does she like to wear curly hair?
3)雄狮头上有浓密的毛发。
Male lions have thick hair on the head.
cn.(一根)头发
4)那位老人有几根白发。
The old man has a few grey hairs.
2.描述(衣服)尺寸的词有:
small小码= S码
medium中码= M码
large大码= L码
extra large加长/大码= XL码
extra extra large= XXL码
他的爸爸五十多岁中等个。
His father is of medium height in his fifties.
3.形容词—名词
high—height高/高度
1)我的妈妈中等高度。
My mother is of medium height.
long—length长/长度
2)这两把尺子一样长。
These two rulers are of the same length.
strong—strength强壮/力气
3)我没有力气把这个箱子搬上楼。
I don’t have the strength to carry the box upstairs.
4. thin adj薄的;瘦的
1)这本字典比那一本薄。
This dictionary is thinner than that one.
2)我的堂兄又高又瘦。
My cousin is tall and thin.